The usage differs in that to have expressed emphasis in the process of the action that was completed, whereas to be put the emphasis in the final state after the action is completed. ( Endymion, John Keats)Д®arly Modern English used both to have and to be as perfect auxiliaries. Lovely tales that we have heard or read.

A typical present perfect clause thus consists of the subject, the auxiliary have/has, and the past participle (third form) of main verb.

In modern English, the auxiliary verb used to form the present perfect is always to have. The action is not necessarily complete and the same is true of certain uses of the basic present perfect when the verb expresses a state or a habitual action: 'I have lived here for five years.' English also has a present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) form, which combines present tense with both perfect aspect and continuous (progressive) aspect: 'I have been eating'. In English, completed actions in many contexts are referred to using the simple past verb form rather than the present perfect. They may also have different ranges of usage: in all three of the languages just mentioned, the forms in question serve as a general past tense, at least for completed actions. (Other perfect constructions also exist, such as the past perfect: 'I had eaten.')ДЄnalogous forms are found in some other languages, and they may also be described as present perfect they often have other names such as the German Perfekt, the French passГ© composГ© and the Italian passato prossimo. The forms are present because they use the present tense of the auxiliary verb have, and perfect because they use that auxiliary in combination with the past participle of the main verb. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer to forms like 'I have finished'. The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences.

Ver present perfect